【GlobalBiz】What Is a Sōgō Shōsha? Japan’s Powerful General Trading Companies Explained

Hello, this is Frank.

Today’s topic is titled “What Is a Sōgō Shōsha?”, so let’s begin by clarifying what we mean by general trading companies.

The term Sōgō Shōsha actually came into use around 1955 in Japan, and it’s used in contrast to specialized trading firms that focus on specific sectors such as steel or textiles.

According to Wikipedia, up until the early 1970s, the term “Sōgō Shōsha” typically referred to ten companies: Mitsubishi Corporation, Mitsui & Co., Sumitomo Corporation, Itochu Corporation, Marubeni, Nissho Iwai, Tomen, Nichimen, Kanematsu-Gosho, and Ataka Sangyo. These were widely known as the “Top 10 Trading Companies.”

Today, the term “Sōgō Shōsha” usually refers to the top seven general trading firms: Mitsubishi Corporation, Mitsui & Co., Itochu Corporation, Sumitomo Corporation, Marubeni, Toyota Tsusho, and Sojitz. When referring to the top five only, it’s often called the “Big Five,” and when including all seven, the term “Big Seven” is used.

Personally, during my business trips to regions like Latin America and Africa, I often had the opportunity to share meals and exchange insights with representatives from these top-tier trading houses.

However, when it comes to agility and speed in building business, the mid-sized general trading companies often outperform the giants. Their ability to pivot quickly is unmatched.

If your goal is to “create something out of nothing,” then working with or in a mid-sized Sōgō Shōsha might just be the exciting career path you’re looking for.

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Frank

■ Frank Yoshida is an award-winning author who made his professional debut in January 2009 after winning the Grand Prize in the “Gateway to Success for New Writers 2008” Contest, sponsored by Goodbook Shuppan, Japan. His acclaimed short love story, Hanarerarenaku-nacchau (“What Would I Do Without You?”), marked the beginning of his published literary journey. He holds a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from Kobe University of Commerce. ■ Frank brings a wealth of international business experience to the table. With a strong background in Surface Mount Technology (SMT), he served as a technical adviser in key innovation hubs such as Silicon Valley, Hsinchu (Taiwan), and San Jose (California). His global career includes negotiating international investment disputes in the United States, advising in the leather industry, and managing timber import strategies. As a seasoned international business consultant and flexpatriate, he has worked extensively across North America, Latin America, Oceania, Southeast Asia, Europe, and Africa for leading trading companies and multinational clients. ■ A certified English expert, Frank holds ten prestigious English qualifications: UNATE (United Nations Association Test of English) SA Class, BEST (Business English Standard Test) A-Grade, Volunteer Interpreter Test (V-Tsuken) A-Grade, TOPEC (Nursing English) Perfect Score, Nissho Business English Proficiency Test Grade 1, Tourism English Proficiency Test Grade 1, Zensho English Proficiency Test Grade 1, English Vocabulary Test (TANKEN) Grade 1, EIKEN® Grade 1, and Japan's National Government Licensed Guide Interpreter certification. ■ Frank is also a passionate motorcycle enthusiast. He finds his ultimate freedom cruising along scenic coastlines aboard his beloved Suzuki Hayabusa GSX-1300R mega tourer. He describes the liberating experience in two words: “Stay aloof.”

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