Frank
Hi, I’m Frank.
Today’s Wednesday post is a special one. With permission, I’d like to share a fascinating conversation I had with one of my online lesson students, Dr. Masami Takeyama—a world-renowned expert in female urology.
He generously explained some of the more technical aspects of urinary incontinence. While the topic includes quite a bit of medical terminology, if you have any concerns or questions, I highly recommend reaching out to Dr. Takeyama. He’s not only a brilliant doctor but also a truly wonderful person.
So, onto the topic of “urinary leakage,” or as it’s formally known, urinary incontinence. It turns out there are several different types and causes. Here’s a breakdown:
1. Stress Urinary Incontinence
Hypermobility of the urethra
Sometimes called the “wobbly urethra,” this is caused by a weakened pelvic floor, often due to pregnancy, childbirth, menopause (a drop in female hormones), or aging.
Intrinsic sphincter deficiency
Also known as the “leaky urethra,” this can result from nerve damage or deterioration around the urethra, or injury to the sphincter muscles—often as a consequence of surgery or radiation therapy.
2. Urge Urinary Incontinence
Motor-related
▼ Detrusor overactivity (with the feeling of needing to urinate)
This occurs when there’s a problem in the brain or nervous system.
▼ Unstable bladder
No clear neurological damage is found, but it can be caused by various factors, such as pelvic organ prolapse.
Sensory-related
▼ Bladder pain syndrome
This includes cases where the bladder becomes overly sensitive, such as with frequent urination, cystitis, bladder stones, or interstitial cystitis.
3. Reflex Urinary Incontinence
This involves detrusor overactivity without the sensation of needing to urinate, due to severe disruption in the brain-to-spinal-cord neural pathways.
4. Overflow Urinary Incontinence
Occurs when urine overflows from a full bladder that cannot empty properly. Causes include post-surgical complications (e.g., after hysterectomy or rectal cancer surgery), diabetic neuropathy, or urethral stricture.
5. Functional Urinary Incontinence
Caused by cognitive issues like dementia, neurological disorders, or reduced mobility.
6. Extraurethral Urinary Incontinence
Urine leaks from an abnormal route outside the urinary tract (e.g., from the vagina).
Among women, the most common types are stress incontinence, urge incontinence, and mixed incontinence (a combination of both).
As someone from a humanities background, I won’t pretend to understand all the medical details—but ever since I launched a Nurse & Medical English class in 2023, I’ve become increasingly fascinated by medical English.
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改訂2版 女性泌尿器科へ行こう! : 骨盤臓器脱・尿もれ・間質性膀胱炎の治療と手術を受ける人へ 新品価格 |
If there are other inspiring students I’d like to introduce, I’ll be sure to share them in a future post.
Thank you for reading today.
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